Biomedical technologies are often at the center of LEGAL and ethical debates, primarily due to their impact on human health and well-being. Given the wide range of these technologies, it is more practical to examine the LEGAL challenges of each individual technology rather than discussing general principles and abstract concepts. This article briefly outlines the most prominent biomedical technologies and their LEGAL considerations. Further exploration and in-depth analysis are left to medical law scholars.

In the contemporary world, science and technology is developing by moments or seconds. This process involves quite new needs and requirements. To respond to these questions, it is inevitable that we seek new functions for LEGAL rules and theories in the framework of Islamic sources and foundations. The philosophy of Islamic law attaches a capacity to expediency that can play a big role in this regard. The role of expediency in acquiring interests of this world and the next has given a big opportunity to the Islamic law towards recognizing priorities and even prescription of rules. The present article seeks to study briefly the current views concerning expediency in Islamic law.Explaining the domain of expediency in the Shiite and Sunni jurisprudence, the article points to its functional role in the modem world. The newly arisen ISSUES have stimulated the need for Ijtihad on the one hand and there is the danger of being involved in secularization of jurisprudence as a serious limitation for expediency.

Cyberspace is one of the major components of the modern life. This has led governments to concern about its regulation and consequently, they found filtering as an effective solution. This paper undertakes a LEGAL approach towards cyberspace filtering and attempts to answer the following questions: 1. From the LEGAL point of view, what is cyberspace filtering and how important is this issue? 2. What are the challenges and LEGAL ISSUES involved in internet filtering (filtering of the internet)? This research takes on the library method to deal with the research questions. Regarding the first question, filtering is introduced as a means of “Situational Prevention of the Crime” that results in blocking the tools and opportunities of materializing a crime. The paper unfolds the second question in four aspects. First, co-regulation represents an appropriate LEGAL system of cyberspace filtering. Second, the opposition between filtering and freedom of expression reveals the fact that filtering is based on the black list and emphasizes on the definition of criminal contents. Third, in the conflict between filtering and privacy, it is recommended to filter the communicators’ domain rather than the communicatees’. Finally, in respect to the LEGAL challenge of recognizing anti-filtering as a crime, the paper suggests to engage criminology in the domain of production, distribution and sale. As a consequence, the emphasis is to avoid and minimize criminalizing the users. This is due to the widespread domain of the users, the impossibility of preventing and criminalizing the users and creating a culture of Removing bad of breaking the law.

One of the main happenings which led to the transformation in various scopes such as the LEGAL and juridical structure of country, is the Constitutional revolution. This writing aims to extract the juridical challenges of Iran in the criminal scope among sources in a descriptive _analytical method method. This research was inspired by the results of examining and studying a wide range of Administrative documents of the judiciary in the number of ten thousands documents. These documents which have not been exploited by researchers so far are related to the constitutional period (1324_1344 AH, 1285_1304 SH). Considering these documents by studying the challenges of the juridical system during the constitutional in the criminal law area, it can be concluded that the land deed weaknesses caused the emergence of a phenomenon known as civil registry and financial documents forgery. Also the economic poverty in this period caused the commitment of many banditry and robbery offenses. On the other hand, by the constitutional revolution Iran was placed in a new LEGAL system and also the press offenses were considered.

Undoubtedly, man chooses according to his priority, man is bound to pay attention to the physical dimension and real needs, a wise person is the one who pays attention to all aspects of life. It is appropriate that a person's priority should be to achieve mundane happiness and happiness that belonging to the future world, not just to achieve carnal desires and benefit from material gifts. A priority that gives vitality and motivation to human beings and saves them from cruelty and emptiness, and guiding human beings to responsibility and piety in the right way. Given the dangers that prioritize material ISSUES over achieving eternal misery, we can point to the dangers of this in society and individuals, and also address the issue of which of the financial problems and the weakness of faith and belief will lead us to this priority. The purpose of this descriptive-analytical study is to enumerate the causes of materialization and its dangers in LEGAL professions and to reach a solution in the shadow of the monotheistic worldview to escape from this materialism.

Islam pays much attention to the learning and application of technology and science. However, Muslims are forbidden to learn and apply some skills like magic, traditional divination, and soothsaying. According to some traditions, astrology has been forbidden as well, although a deeper study of the meaning of astrology in these traditions makes it clear that the forbidden astrology is that kind which resembles magic and divination. Modern astrology which is based on observation and calculation is therefore applied in LEGAL ISSUES such as recongnizing LEGAL times and finding the direction of the qibla.

The internet has transformed the manner of conducting commercial transactions and has created regulatory gaps. These regulatory gaps may impact the effective development of electronic commerce. Attempts are being made to regulate electronic contracts both at the national and international level. The present research analyses these attempts, in particular the Electronic Transaction Legislation of Australia and the proposed new amendments. It also examines the role of international developments in assisting countries in their regulatory attempts. The research highlights the extent to which gaps are being filled and also examines the inadequacies of the Electronic Transactions Legislation of Australia.

Physician-assisted suicide is an important, challenging issue in medical ethics, which the right to die is a central point in this issue. Physician-assisted suicide is offered to end intolerable pain and suffering. Although, it is a LEGAL practice in some countries, still it is a challenging and controversial practice in ethical and LEGAL perspectives. It has been argued that based on the principles of medical ethics, physicians should respect patient’s decision, however many ethicists and jurists believe that Physician-assisted suicide is unethical. It should be noted that the main reason for proponents and opponents is based on their interpretation about human dignity. This controversy can be resolved by reference to religious interpretation of human dignity in which asserts that Physician-assisted suicide is against human dignity and respect for human life.